Clinical Signs of Cryptococcosis

Clinical signs of cryptococcosis often include the nasal cavity, sinuses, and surrounding tissues in cats. Cryptococcus also has a predilection for the CNS. Disseminated disease can cause vague clinical signs that mimic other more common inflammatory diseases.

Anorexia
Weight loss
Fever, unresponsive to antibiotics
Nasal discharge
Sneezing
Nasal swelling
Periorbital swelling
Ocular discharge
Blindness
CNS signs
Ulcerated or draining skin lesions

Treatment And Testing

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical for improved treatment outcomes. The single most accurate diagnostic test is the Cryptococcus antigen test by latex agglutination. Other non-invasive diagnostic tests might be useful, especially for treatment monitoring.

Diagnostic Tests

What is Cryptococcosis?

Cryptococcosis, a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus, is acquired when basidiospores are inhaled from the environment. Infection is most commonly in the nasal cavity, sinuses, and central nervous system but can also affect other parts of the body including the lungs.

Cats are more often infected as compared with dogs and even cats that never leave the house are at risk. The fungus is found around the world in tree hollows, areas with decaying wood or bird droppings, and in soil, so no area is endemic. Cryptococcus is widespread in the soil (where it grows naturally) or is deposited through bird droppings (particularly pigeons). Horses, cattle, sheep and goats may also develop cryptococcosis.

Diagnostic Tests

Learn more about Cryptococcosis

It is difficult to prevent exposure to Cryptococcus since it is commonly found in the environment. Avoidance and environmental control of bird droppings (especially pigeons, such as in barn settings) might help prevent outdoor exposure.

Clinical Diagnosis

Cryptococcosis Algorithm

Clinical Reviews

Review Cryptococcosis

Clinical Treatment and Monitoring